Further to the previous article on this topic, many were the forms, treatments and beliefs about it were, by all sides of the Mediterranean, on the excellence of the flesh of the bull, whose therapeutic qualities or genes make a melting pot of beliefs or superstitions.
The extensive content, and ensure that articles are not excessively long, thus preventing reader fatigue forced me to split the topic, leaving for the second part regards the communal consumption of meat of the bull in our Peninsula whose practices fall within rites known as " Charities and limited to religious celebrations, although some examples are already ahead.
Hispanics in the villages used long metal grills and large pots for communal feasts. Some of these vessels used to have a legend recorded in different content, and variegated meanings of any Indo-European influences.
Across Spain meat, slaughtered bull, it was customary to consume at a dinner ritual and liturgy similar to that used by the various peoples of the Mediterranean. These foods, in principle, were aimed at the poor of the place, which became known as "Charities" but later extended to all those attending the ceremony.
Dictionary of Authorities, of 1,726, says, that "it also Charities soda bread, wine and cheese in places, is given to the poor in the feasts of saints by the brotherhood that celebrates party. "(1) Expenses occasioned
such acts were exempt from any sort of taxes, charges or taxes, as stipulated by the law of" New Collection ", which expressly stated:" We sent that Commissioners of the Crusade, or composition, or carry, or charge nothing of what some places or guilds spent their bags in running bulls, or to charities, as they have to vote and send it on custom and it will give the necessary supplies, so that is saved and meet. " (Book I, Chapter X, Act IV, 1850) (1)
In this regard we find the description of an interesting case of votes and " charities" that is preserved among the manuscripts of the monastery of Silos and which forced Roa council of a plague that God had spared: " A January 4, 1374 birth year, facemos et pledge vow to God ... to give and pay in each anno i forever thousand five hundred coppers Desta usual currency, which FACEN ten money the penny. E to pay ... all knights, squires, ladies and maidens, fijosdalgo, lay, clergy, Indian Moors i Desta said town. E desto i said thousand four hundred coppers bulls are purchased and are calendar and given by God's love, the two bulls on the day of Corpore Christi. E fagamos these bulls to envergoñados i cooked the poor ... bread i came ... " (2)
The extensive content, and ensure that articles are not excessively long, thus preventing reader fatigue forced me to split the topic, leaving for the second part regards the communal consumption of meat of the bull in our Peninsula whose practices fall within rites known as " Charities and limited to religious celebrations, although some examples are already ahead.
Hispanics in the villages used long metal grills and large pots for communal feasts. Some of these vessels used to have a legend recorded in different content, and variegated meanings of any Indo-European influences.
Across Spain meat, slaughtered bull, it was customary to consume at a dinner ritual and liturgy similar to that used by the various peoples of the Mediterranean. These foods, in principle, were aimed at the poor of the place, which became known as "Charities" but later extended to all those attending the ceremony.
Dictionary of Authorities, of 1,726, says, that "it also Charities soda bread, wine and cheese in places, is given to the poor in the feasts of saints by the brotherhood that celebrates party. "(1) Expenses occasioned
such acts were exempt from any sort of taxes, charges or taxes, as stipulated by the law of" New Collection ", which expressly stated:" We sent that Commissioners of the Crusade, or composition, or carry, or charge nothing of what some places or guilds spent their bags in running bulls, or to charities, as they have to vote and send it on custom and it will give the necessary supplies, so that is saved and meet. " (Book I, Chapter X, Act IV, 1850) (1)
In this regard we find the description of an interesting case of votes and " charities" that is preserved among the manuscripts of the monastery of Silos and which forced Roa council of a plague that God had spared: " A January 4, 1374 birth year, facemos et pledge vow to God ... to give and pay in each anno i forever thousand five hundred coppers Desta usual currency, which FACEN ten money the penny. E to pay ... all knights, squires, ladies and maidens, fijosdalgo, lay, clergy, Indian Moors i Desta said town. E desto i said thousand four hundred coppers bulls are purchased and are calendar and given by God's love, the two bulls on the day of Corpore Christi. E fagamos these bulls to envergoñados i cooked the poor ... bread i came ... " (2)
appears that these votes were in place even during the sixteenth century and most of the seventeenth century, despite opposition from moralists more recalcitrant. But despite this, the common people thought that by a vote of this category could even mollify the Divine. pronouncements were many practices that are contrary to religious authorities and by way of example is worth what happened in the provincial council of Toledo in 1565, where the session III " Reform, held on 25 March 1566 , set out in Chapter XXVI that " vows made to" run bulls "are not met, because it does not belong because of religion, even with consent and oath all the people." Were also available then, not to make similar vows. (3)
Another example of " charities "are those held in Talavera de la Reina (Toledo), known as" the husks "or " Fiesta de los Toros ", performed by fraternities or associations of young men since time immemorial, in the words of Father Marian (1536-1624 and as a curious note, when the Jesuits baptized, it was recorded in the book of baptism " not know who his father or his mother "): "... Societas civium Three hundred years before establishi est ... " ie" consisting of public companies three hundred years ago .. ". There is considerable controversy about the origin of these parties, no missing attribute to which the Roman customs, and even those who say, in the words of D. Luis Zapata, the holidays were celebrated in "templillo a small, dedicated to the goddess Pallas, fabulous deity of chastity ..." on whose temple was built the shrine to the Virgen del Prado, and " there they sacrificed bulls Pallas, here in honor of Our Lady ... are you in three days twenty and two bulls each year, chosen and locked in the Holy shrine ... and in a day, of the party, because everything is based on devotion and love , are fed there two thousand poor, big fun bulls two quarts of wine, two pounds of bread .. " Others argue that these parties appeared in the late fifteenth century and were structured in the early sixteenth century. Whatever it was, the fact is that within fifteen days of celebrations lasting from the same Easter Sunday, the Bulls ran twenty-two chose and provided the City Council, which is locked in a courtyard of the shrine. (4) Another example of these " Charities" are the party of "Boiler " Soria, held the Sunday after the feast of San Juan, 24 June, at a shrine that some historians say was I Recaredo times (586-601 AD) and was dedicated to Our Lady of the market or White. Julio Caro Baroja, in the "Festive Estio " not
s says: " The organization was in charge of the" Common gangs, each of which had to have been there a bull in the meadow Valonsadero. This bull is running, roped throughout Friday and overnight something's Eve that killed Saturday. The spoils are then auctioned. But with much of the meat and other foods prepared with meat cooked large boilers. " Sunday morning crews out with his patron saint, in front of a boy who was carrying a "bouquet " with saffron for the offering bagels and " After High Mass was celebrated with a sermon. Finished it is expected topque bells and when I heard all the contenders were heading to the meadow of San Andrés. There, four young, each Auxiliary crew foreman, had charge of boilers of bull meat cooked with seasonings and were responsible for "to love", with a corresponding portion of bread and wine, both neighbors as strangers and especially to the poor " (5). say that by 1893 the Bishop of Osma-Soria, with the apparent backing of the authorities tried to ban these parties to no avail, to which the people responded with a ballad am
enazante saying "may lack the bread
and dry off the Duero,
but burns Soria first
if no San Juan parties. "
The conclusion of a run, with a ritual banquet included, was a common practice in many locations throughout the country, and occurred in Calasparra, Murcia, where they held until the decade of 1,950. Pascual Madoz (1806-1870), in his "Gazetteer -historical-statistical of Spain ... "(1845), says it was a festival that" ... checks the other to St. Abdon and Sennen on the last Sunday of August, for beginning this event has run a bull yesterday afternoon (known as "Boiler Saturday), which stewed in a famous caldera have prepared for that purpose, in addition to placing this response, a large portion of ham, peas, eggplant and squash, this operation practice in the most public of the town, and lasts from eve to dawn the following day, at which time the mayors and city council, those appointed by him and clergy, with music that is ready, go through the portion of bread that are prepared in advance, to distribute rations to the poor to reaching the food, there is never enough for everyone, be copious number those who attend everywhere. "(6)
L
a feast of San Roque, 16 August is traditionally an important date in which cheered and celebrated with great profusion, these parties, with distribution of the usual charities.
Examples are abundant, like the one held in the village of Siles Jaen, where are several bulls during the festival of San Roque, his employer, and the last day is devoted to a communal feast on the flesh of a bull, previously boiled in a cauldron, embossed with a peculiar legend, near the shrine of the saint.
Elsewhere, almost diametrically opposed to geographically, in the town of Zamora Castrogonzalo " On the day of San Roque, who celebrate with Mass, sermon and steers, it is customary that the City shared between neighbors, the parish priest of St. Thomas, who is in the function is verified, and preacher, a bushel of catfish, trout and one other beef in equal parts, in the afternoon, the bulls run and at night there is usually a feast for the elegant. "(7)
The same author tells us about several holidays celebrated in Spain, that making
the " Guide festivals in Spain, 1,982 " M ª Angeles Sánchez, such as those held in Guadalaviar (Teruel), where the party Santiago is celebrated with a meal of meat brotherhood of one of the bulls of the corrida, and Bujalaroz (Zaragoza), during the feast in honor of St. Augustine, August 28, shares the meat of steers dealt. Marquis
In Jerez (Granada), in the feasts of the Virgin of September, lasting from 8 to 12, the last day splitting the flesh of bulls struggled the previous day. That is why one called "bulls Day" and other "meat day."
same parties are also held in "Orihuela del Tremedal (Teruel), but cooked" the shepherdess. " In the same province in Vellel, the "food bull" is carried out, always, in the main festival of Santa Otilia Fuensanta and from 8 to 10 September. In another village
Teruel, Olite, celebrates its feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross and Our Lady of Cantal, between 13 and 16 September, ending with the "food cow" in the entire neighborhood eat the flesh of the calf bullfight, and Inheritance (Ciudad Real), also during the celebrations of the Merced, on September 24, eat the meat of heifers, with local wine. (7)
same kind of celebration, as quoted by M ª Angeles Sánchez, and just how to spice up the meat of the bull stew " Rev. " occurs in the province of Teruel Santa Eulalia del Campo, on the Sunday close to August 22, during the festivities of the Virgen del Molino, where people gather in a communal meal.
Also in Benavente (Zamora) is celebrated on the day of Corpus Christi, the feast of "Toro Enmaromado " squirts a bull of that lot by the town's streets. The curious note of this event is the group of girls, young girls, who are behind the bull and are present at the time of sacrifice. When they killed the bull, girls, called "del Toro jackets, stained his shoes in the blood of the victim, recalling the blood offerings demanded Diana to their priests and Nereids. Slaughtered and butchered the bull, the meat is distributed among the young people benaventanos. The Boalo
(Madrid), for San Fermin, no closures, heifers and "Food of the heifer."
In Covaleda (Soria), during the holiday San Lorenzo, on August 12, celebrates a traditional stew "flavored with beef steers, which is delivered on the 13th between the population and especially among the poor.
in La Puebla de Hijar (Teruel) in the festivities of Our Lady of the Assumption and San Roque, 15 and 16 August in the town square bulls are run fireworks and rocks are celebrate and share the " stew and cow ranch ."
In Rascafría (Madrid), the last day of the festivities of the Virgen de Gracia and San Roque, which usually last from 14 to 17, make a stew with beef bulls fought, eating communally in the village square.
In Salas de los Infantes (Burgos) in the festivities of Our Lady and San Roque, from 14 to 17 August, there are tasting zurracapote (bleeding), sire of fire in the main square and the 17th the rocks are move in procession to the poplar grove de la Peña Rota, to eat the traditional " meat stew with potatoes bull", tasting of sausages and a sardine.
In Hoyos de Manzanares (Madrid) on 8 September in the festivities of the Virgen de la Encina, held closures and the "hot stock Heifer" in place the spirit of the heifer, by banning alcohol at parties, and club members shared broth in the stands. During the festival there is a "day of the stew " prepared meat of a bull, which is distributed to more than five thousand people.
In Saldaña (Palencia), during the festivities in honor of the Virgen del Valle, on 8 September and lasting five days, the last day it goes out the "feast of the calf " in the old square.
Also in Ayerbe (Huesca) on September 9, during the festivities in honor of Santa Leticia, there Calderetas Bulls fire and the meat of this animal.
In Height (Castellón) in the Patron Saint, 29 September, the day of San Miguel and La Virgen de Gracia, there Toros drunk and blessing and sharing of traditional "boiler " with the flesh of bulls, which pays the Confraternity of the Virgin. (8)
Known are also numerous bullfights given for the benefit of the hospitals in different cities during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, whose institutions were benefiting from the sale or consumption of meat from bulls struggled. The conclusion of these runs charities and the fate of their profits was in part a subterfuge used to circumvent prohibitions on the run enacted by the Bourbons, whose charity was as varied destination as the English picaresque itself.
As an example, since the relationship would be endless, see the fate that was given to the benefits obtained in some runs that took place in Murcia: " on 7 July 1752, Friday, there were four runs bulls on the site and period between the spill stone bridge and Alameda del Carmen, in order to apply their products to repair as far as possible the damage that does the building of the Malecon, this population only defense against Segura floods. "
The following year, on Monday, September 17, " Like the 18 and 19, were held bullfights in the Plaza de San Agustin and in December there was another run, and both were begging for the work of the Church of San Antolin . " (9)
For these matters were held countless runs, and even to better circumvent bans on bullfights, heifers were organized, as in the pragmatic convictions made no mention of bull run, and reached only bans bullfights. The oft-mentioned
Julio Caro Baroja gives us a case in the capital of the kingdom: " In 1785, Madrid dying father asked permission to have a bullfight in the square that was in the Puerta de Alcala, to rebuild Convent Street Fuencarral with your product. The governor of the Council requested the report, and according to it was given permission to run steers. "(10)
In closing, see the gesture of Mr. Cúchares in a run that held on 9 September 1851 in Murcia, in the ancient square of St. Augustine, whose poster is recorded by a footnote at the bottom of it, that "the dead will bulls donated by Cúchares for almshouses."
As the popular saying proclaims " bullfighting is greatness."
long relationship I hope this has served them entertainment and conocencia the varied folk customs and past treatment since it has been given to the meat of the bull.
Plácido González Hermoso.
REFERENCES 1 .- Julio Caro Baroja "the summer holidays," pag. 218 J. Pereda
2 .- .- "The bulls before the church and moral
CB July 3 .-" the summer holidays, "pag. 4.-July
245 CB "Rites and Myths misunderstandings" p.33
July 5 .- CB the summer Holiday, pag. 6.-July
222 CB "Rites and Myths misunderstandings" p. 75 July 7 .- CB
the summer Holiday, pag. 8 .- 220
Angeles Sánchez "festivals guide Spain, 1982 "
9 .- Juan Torres Fontes," Ephemerides Murcia, 1750-1800 "July 10 .- CB
the summer Holiday, pag. 224
The conclusion of a run, with a ritual banquet included, was a common practice in many locations throughout the country, and occurred in Calasparra, Murcia, where they held until the decade of 1,950. Pascual Madoz (1806-1870), in his "Gazetteer -historical-statistical of Spain ... "(1845), says it was a festival that" ... checks the other to St. Abdon and Sennen on the last Sunday of August, for beginning this event has run a bull yesterday afternoon (known as "Boiler Saturday), which stewed in a famous caldera have prepared for that purpose, in addition to placing this response, a large portion of ham, peas, eggplant and squash, this operation practice in the most public of the town, and lasts from eve to dawn the following day, at which time the mayors and city council, those appointed by him and clergy, with music that is ready, go through the portion of bread that are prepared in advance, to distribute rations to the poor to reaching the food, there is never enough for everyone, be copious number those who attend everywhere. "(6)
L
a feast of San Roque, 16 August is traditionally an important date in which cheered and celebrated with great profusion, these parties, with distribution of the usual charities. Examples are abundant, like the one held in the village of Siles Jaen, where are several bulls during the festival of San Roque, his employer, and the last day is devoted to a communal feast on the flesh of a bull, previously boiled in a cauldron, embossed with a peculiar legend, near the shrine of the saint.
Elsewhere, almost diametrically opposed to geographically, in the town of Zamora Castrogonzalo " On the day of San Roque, who celebrate with Mass, sermon and steers, it is customary that the City shared between neighbors, the parish priest of St. Thomas, who is in the function is verified, and preacher, a bushel of catfish, trout and one other beef in equal parts, in the afternoon, the bulls run and at night there is usually a feast for the elegant. "(7)
The same author tells us about several holidays celebrated in Spain, that making
the " Guide festivals in Spain, 1,982 " M ª Angeles Sánchez, such as those held in Guadalaviar (Teruel), where the party Santiago is celebrated with a meal of meat brotherhood of one of the bulls of the corrida, and Bujalaroz (Zaragoza), during the feast in honor of St. Augustine, August 28, shares the meat of steers dealt. Marquis In Jerez (Granada), in the feasts of the Virgin of September, lasting from 8 to 12, the last day splitting the flesh of bulls struggled the previous day. That is why one called "bulls Day" and other "meat day."
same parties are also held in "Orihuela del Tremedal (Teruel), but cooked" the shepherdess. " In the same province in Vellel, the "food bull" is carried out, always, in the main festival of Santa Otilia Fuensanta and from 8 to 10 September. In another village
Teruel, Olite, celebrates its feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross and Our Lady of Cantal, between 13 and 16 September, ending with the "food cow" in the entire neighborhood eat the flesh of the calf bullfight, and Inheritance (Ciudad Real), also during the celebrations of the Merced, on September 24, eat the meat of heifers, with local wine. (7)
same kind of celebration, as quoted by M ª Angeles Sánchez, and just how to spice up the meat of the bull stew " Rev. " occurs in the province of Teruel Santa Eulalia del Campo, on the Sunday close to August 22, during the festivities of the Virgen del Molino, where people gather in a communal meal.
Also in Benavente (Zamora) is celebrated on the day of Corpus Christi, the feast of "Toro Enmaromado " squirts a bull of that lot by the town's streets. The curious note of this event is the group of girls, young girls, who are behind the bull and are present at the time of sacrifice. When they killed the bull, girls, called "del Toro jackets, stained his shoes in the blood of the victim, recalling the blood offerings demanded Diana to their priests and Nereids. Slaughtered and butchered the bull, the meat is distributed among the young people benaventanos. The Boalo
(Madrid), for San Fermin, no closures, heifers and "Food of the heifer."
In Covaleda (Soria), during the holiday San Lorenzo, on August 12, celebrates a traditional stew "flavored with beef steers, which is delivered on the 13th between the population and especially among the poor.
in La Puebla de Hijar (Teruel) in the festivities of Our Lady of the Assumption and San Roque, 15 and 16 August in the town square bulls are run fireworks and rocks are celebrate and share the " stew and cow ranch ."
In Rascafría (Madrid), the last day of the festivities of the Virgen de Gracia and San Roque, which usually last from 14 to 17, make a stew with beef bulls fought, eating communally in the village square.
In Salas de los Infantes (Burgos) in the festivities of Our Lady and San Roque, from 14 to 17 August, there are tasting zurracapote (bleeding), sire of fire in the main square and the 17th the rocks are move in procession to the poplar grove de la Peña Rota, to eat the traditional " meat stew with potatoes bull", tasting of sausages and a sardine.
In Hoyos de Manzanares (Madrid) on 8 September in the festivities of the Virgen de la Encina, held closures and the "hot stock Heifer" in place the spirit of the heifer, by banning alcohol at parties, and club members shared broth in the stands. During the festival there is a "day of the stew " prepared meat of a bull, which is distributed to more than five thousand people.
In Saldaña (Palencia), during the festivities in honor of the Virgen del Valle, on 8 September and lasting five days, the last day it goes out the "feast of the calf " in the old square.
Also in Ayerbe (Huesca) on September 9, during the festivities in honor of Santa Leticia, there Calderetas Bulls fire and the meat of this animal.
In Height (Castellón) in the Patron Saint, 29 September, the day of San Miguel and La Virgen de Gracia, there Toros drunk and blessing and sharing of traditional "boiler " with the flesh of bulls, which pays the Confraternity of the Virgin. (8)
Known are also numerous bullfights given for the benefit of the hospitals in different cities during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, whose institutions were benefiting from the sale or consumption of meat from bulls struggled. The conclusion of these runs charities and the fate of their profits was in part a subterfuge used to circumvent prohibitions on the run enacted by the Bourbons, whose charity was as varied destination as the English picaresque itself.
As an example, since the relationship would be endless, see the fate that was given to the benefits obtained in some runs that took place in Murcia: " on 7 July 1752, Friday, there were four runs bulls on the site and period between the spill stone bridge and Alameda del Carmen, in order to apply their products to repair as far as possible the damage that does the building of the Malecon, this population only defense against Segura floods. "
The following year, on Monday, September 17, " Like the 18 and 19, were held bullfights in the Plaza de San Agustin and in December there was another run, and both were begging for the work of the Church of San Antolin . " (9)
For these matters were held countless runs, and even to better circumvent bans on bullfights, heifers were organized, as in the pragmatic convictions made no mention of bull run, and reached only bans bullfights. The oft-mentioned
Julio Caro Baroja gives us a case in the capital of the kingdom: " In 1785, Madrid dying father asked permission to have a bullfight in the square that was in the Puerta de Alcala, to rebuild Convent Street Fuencarral with your product. The governor of the Council requested the report, and according to it was given permission to run steers. "(10)
In closing, see the gesture of Mr. Cúchares in a run that held on 9 September 1851 in Murcia, in the ancient square of St. Augustine, whose poster is recorded by a footnote at the bottom of it, that "the dead will bulls donated by Cúchares for almshouses."
As the popular saying proclaims " bullfighting is greatness."
long relationship I hope this has served them entertainment and conocencia the varied folk customs and past treatment since it has been given to the meat of the bull.
Plácido González Hermoso.
REFERENCES 1 .- Julio Caro Baroja "the summer holidays," pag. 218 J. Pereda
2 .- .- "The bulls before the church and moral
CB July 3 .-" the summer holidays, "pag. 4.-July
245 CB "Rites and Myths misunderstandings" p.33
July 5 .- CB the summer Holiday, pag. 6.-July
222 CB "Rites and Myths misunderstandings" p. 75 July 7 .- CB
the summer Holiday, pag. 8 .- 220
Angeles Sánchez "festivals guide Spain, 1982 "
9 .- Juan Torres Fontes," Ephemerides Murcia, 1750-1800 "July 10 .- CB
the summer Holiday, pag. 224
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