Throughout the various articles of this blog, we have presented the mythological bull from different prisms, or, what is, from the different treatment concepts, along history, have given the various societies who knew him, and solemnized by weighting, to the point of raising it to the category of myth and so deified and worshiping, as in Egypt or Turkey, to mention just one example.
We talked about the use and symbolism of the flesh, blood or skin and horns of the bull. Incidence and presence of the bull in the area funeral or mythological different bulls that have occurred in many other ancient cultures.
would appear that the subject is almost entirely exhausted, but nothing is further from the truth. As our party fighting is rich in nuances, chromaticism, plastic, etc artistic expressions., To name but a few quirks, the mythological world of bullfighting is also an inexhaustible source of information, whose contents may be of interest, at least, we are interested and passionate about the mythological story of the bull.
addition to the above procedures are also many circumstances in which the bull has been featured occasional live acts, as the foundation of cities, discovery of Christian virgins, miracles taurine carrier or the abundant religious imagery in churches iconographic and cathedrals etc., soon see the light in articles to come.
In the present case, we will refer to the various occasions when the bull was " item partner necessary "to settle local disputes and communal decisions, and participation in various historical conflicts-belligerent.
One of those occasions when the bull had the role to intervene to settle disputes between nations makes us Julio Caro Baroja, in "The summer holiday , narrating an event that took place in Asturias in the late nineteenth century" ... more livestock in the area of \u200b\u200bthe principality, in villages and Tameza Yernes at the beginning of this century Manuel Pedregal heard the older neighbors who once, in order to determine the limits of his "Obispalia" those of Proaza, it was determined that fight two bulls, one from each side, "serving as a starting point in the boundary with given address, the place where the bull came winner." (1)
Particularly in the municipal coat Tameza Yernes and divided into two parts, shows: at the top on a blue field, a cross of gold victory, flanked by two angels, in gold, adoring and prostrate at the bottom on a green field, two bulls face, on the left of the gold and silver right. The inclusion of these cattle on the shield is to confirm the possible truth of the legend.
addition, the presence of bulls on the shield of this council and the lack thereof in the case of Proaza, leads us to suppose that the victory fell on the side of the Yernes and Tameza. So much for the legend that had "overlooked the older " there.
As the story goes, it indicates that in the year 1174 King Ferdinand II of Leon (the creator of the Order of Santiago and buried in the cathedral de Compostela) gave land rights to Oviedo, becoming, at that time, a council Obispalia.
Also in the "deep Galicia " but rather by the fact of stale Galicia Celtic roots and mysterious events at issue occurred where the intervention of the bull, it seems, ended a local dispute of an international character.
The fact refers to the struggle of two breeding bulls in the line or boundary between the town of Ourense Muiños, another of Portugal, Montalegre, over disputed land of the "Dry Raia." One area of \u200b\u200bgreat economic importance for the life Social and surrounding parishes. Apparently be traced back to times of birth of the neighboring country, back in 1130 or so. The limits of two terms of territory of these municipalities would be set where the bull came victor.
secular This celebration, known as "Chega to two bois" ("bull fight"), held annually in Muiños (Orense), and is still celebrated annually on August 5 , although many voices (environmentalists) have been raised against this conclusion. (2) that in the year 2008 were held not Chege, for fear of economic sanctions that "... is the reason he did not take place this year ...." However, it still has the cast, all attendees, the famous "Soup tired donkey" which is a hot wine soup with bread wheat and sugar, a practice that was used as a tonic in the work field and was taken to the party.
This party and its struggle for bulls, was followed not only by the villagers themselves but by many people in the municipalities of the " raia, including neighboring Portugal (9).
dispute is found in one of the nine parishes of Pontevedra town of A CANIZA, where the image of Our Lady of A Franqueira, known as "da Fonte Virxe " an image carved in stone and then painted or believed to have come the Romanesque-Gothic period or pre-date the ninth century, whose image is paraded during the procession in a chariot drawn by oxen, the day of his festival, which takes place from 7 to 9 September, visiting nearby villages.
According account tradition, when the image appeared in a cave, an area known as "O Coto da vella " which is on the boundary of the parishes and A Franqueira Luned, pastors of both parishes sought, as was Of course, take the image to their respective parish. After much discussion on the subject, reached a kind of solution Solomonic ", deciding the people of both nations to climb the image to a cart pulled by a pair of oxen, whose animals lead blindfolded to avoid could see anything. That done, let the horse free to go where instinct leads them, without management some people. The place where the oxen parasen would be respected by all and in that place would be the image of the Virgin, which was up a shrine to worship and veneration.
Large and abundant are also the historical references found on the use of bull in events of war, where the use of these animals was of decisive importance, as evidenced by the following events.
The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus (late first century BC) informs us that: " were the Iberians who used the ploy against the Carthaginians, when the leader went to urethane Orisson Helike (Ilici = Elche?) the rescue of the besieged by Hamilcar Barca (Hannibal's father and stepfather of Hasdrubal " the Beautiful"), to attack the Carthaginians in cars with steers angry with torches in testuces, in which disaster Hamilcar Barca (229 BC) drowned in flight. " It is possible that this event occurred in the river tragic Vinalopó, or in the Segura river as the mouth of both far only a few kilometers from Elche (3).
Another variant of this story is the Greek historian Appian (late first century AD), speaking of bullock carts loaded with firewood burning the southern kings thrown against the Carthaginians, " But finally, he conspired against the kings of different Iberian peoples and other men of influence, was killed in this way: wood loaded carts and oxen unciendo them were put underway, following behind armed. When I see Africans do not understand their scheme, raise laughter.
closest But the Iberians, light trucks and with their teams launched against the enemy. In their mad oxen fire spread everywhere, a great confusion takes over the Carthaginians and their training is dissolved, then the Iberians, rushing about they killed the same boat as many who came to the rescue . (4)
These schemes did not fall on the deaf ears of the Carthaginians, as they were not only learned but put into practice by Hannibal in the Second World War Punic (218-201 BC), according to an account of the historian Polybius (200-120 BC): " The Iberians, mercenaries Hannibal used the ruse to break the enemy formations in the footsteps of Falermo, pitching against the Romans two thousand or more bulls with burning branches on the horns . (3)
historian Livy, XXII (59 BC - AD 17) adds to respect that "Hannibal bulls with antlers used burning to feign a march of soldiers and also ... used by a minority of tame to manage other bravest. " (5)
The next case occurred in Tornavacas, Jerte Valley, province of Cáceres, in the place known as Vega Escobar. "During the Reconquista (mid-tenth century), the hosts Leon King Ramiro II" the Great "(reigned 931-951), engaged in a tough race with the Muslim troops of Al-Mansur, the terrible Abu Amir Muhammad, who put in serious trouble with Christian fighters. In such a trance cowboys come to them out of the mountains nearby to resort to a stratagem, already used by the Carthaginians, torches placed on the horns of the cows.
In contemplating such a great brighten believe that descends a considerable army comes to the rescue of the Christians. The children flee in terror crescent in the middle of the night. The deception had worked again. The Christian leader ordered the return of the bulls, who lost the port, the cry of "Torna-cows." And the exact point where there was the return of the cattle came to be described, to commemorate the historic event, Torna-cows kept for centuries the same script that separates the two words . " (8) Same
ploy, it seems, used Jaime I "The Conqueror " in 1248 in the conquest of Sagunto against Muslims.
also " Portuguese Terceira Island (Azores), under Philip II, taught by an Augustinian friar, rejected and destroyed the Castilian, attacking them with a pack of ferocious bulls at the forefront, the is to excite and enrage agarrocharon .... (3)
The fact refers to the landing operations and occupation of Terceira Island (Azores) by the square ordered by D. Alvaro de Bazán, after the battle and victory over the French fleet in the "Battle Terceira island" that befell the year 1583, since these islands were the penultimate to declare in rebellion against the authority of King Felipe II, the then King of Spain and Portugal. Cossío cites in this connection that :"... were troops under Pedro Valdes and killed 400 English and Portuguese under 30, according to Father Mariana .... "
This ploy the use of bulls in contests of war, by the Portuguese, had been used against Romans, whose news reports: " Dio Cassius (Roman historian and senator AD 155-229), discusses the strategy that a group of Lusitanian waged against the army moved by Cesar in the subsequent year's campaign 61 ac, which was to block the Romans dropping on them several cattle herds in order to distract the legions and surprise attack. "(6)
This fact herds of bulls used in military battles, as we Of note, we find also reflected in the Bible, at the time of the Judges, that is, when Israel was ruled during the period from the death of Joshua (the successor Moses) until the unification of the kingdom of Israel and its first king, Saul (1200? -1051 BC) by a group of notables and elders chosen from the twelve tribes, whose text describes the event thusly: "After he came Shamgar (possibly a Canaanite prince, one of six minor judges, to 1,100 BC), son Anat. Defeated the Philistines, who were six men with an ox goad, freeing him to Israel also. " (Judges, 3, 31) (7)
is generally known that many animal species, when the time comes to mating, males of these species face between them, sometimes in exhausting struggles or cruel, to get constructed in the dominant male and so have the privilege of mating with a herd of females fending for themselves. This selective behavior of nature is justified in which the inheritance should transfer only the most vigorous males, in order to preserve or improve the species.
man field, which is the largest and most knowledgeable observer of these behaviors in nature, is, in many cases, to imitate and implement those lessons learned.
This occurs in an area of \u200b\u200bCantabria, in the Liébana and more specifically in the Council Bedoya, where these selective practices applied in livestock indigenous cattle, race Tudanca, which is dominant in the area. José María de Cossio described as " agile, strong, tough and resilient " that if anything stands out this race is for its strength and its meat is much appreciated.
This Valley Council and Bedoya, on the western side of Peña Sagra, there was a rite or practice, at least until the middle of last century by a livestock association in the regulations stipulated the obligation of having two bulls for breeding stallions tudanco their livestock. These bulls were housed throughout winter in a block from the town of Pumareña. Before the summer, when they came up with the cow to the port, it was appropriate that the two bulls will face to make the supremacy of one over the other. For this, each year, Easter Day, the two bulls were released at the place known as La Llosa de San Miguel, who was one of the few places flat and large enough to carry the fight, which would leave the dominant male , which would be accompanying the cows to the port and become a stallion in the herd.
This event was witnessed, among the general expectation, by the villagers while the fight lasted. The strength and expertise of the Bulls made one of them was erected come out the winner and the loser running away, sometimes with the odd wound in the rest of the year and not again approach the winning bull. (8)
These data, added to those already provided them in my previous articles, come to show that the bulls are culture, because they are part of the customs, beliefs and worship of the bull was relieved and all this goes back to the dawn of time. So the culture of the bull, we can say, is multi-millennial.
Plácido González Hermoso.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 .- Julio Caro Baroja, "the summer holidays," pag. 252
2 .- With the help of Jesus A. Diaz (Suso). http://www.baixalimiaxures.com/
3 .- Luis Iriarte, "The English fighting bull"
4 .- Appian, Iber. 5.
5 .- Julio Caro Baroja, "the summer holidays," pag. 258 6 .- Josefina Mateos, "The Mystery of the Bulls Guisando"
7 .- Bible "Nacar Colunga BAC-Judges, 3, 31.
8.- www.paspespuyas.com/.../index.php/latienta/2005/04/
9.- EFE, Orense, 31-07-2008, en La Región Digital
0 comments:
Post a Comment