I intend to review, with the permission of the respectable, a list of famous mythological bull that either with names or unnamed, were part of the ancient mythological beliefs. In each of these "legends " concludes that the treatment given to the bull, in different societies developed primitive who knew him were essentially three different ways, namely as a sacrificial victim, as symbols or as divine divinity yes. Many will remember
since principiábamos to study world history, the first known epic of humanity, we were told, was the epic of Gilgamesh, a legendary king the third millennium BC Sumerian, strong physique and extraordinary beauty.
male The brunette beauty that adorned our hero, was the cause for which, after the feat of killing the monster Khumbaba, the guardian of the sacred grove of the famous cedars of Lebanon, with the help of his trusty friend Enkidu-uncontrollable causes a burning love in the Sumerian goddess Inanna (the Akkadian Ishtar), "Lady of heaven " goddess of love and war. Gilgamesh rejects the proposals
love of the goddess who, angry for such a bold affront and contempt, he implores the god An, the father of all gods and lord of the Sumerian pantheon, Celeste Toro will send to attack and kill the insolent hero. Appeal granted and executed without delay.
The bull sent in relief of the goddess, is of enormous bulk and strength. Width of temples, large, offensive and astifinos pythons, intentions, lunges and furious rush, making the morlaco one of the scariest animals in the history of mythology. The fight is presumed
long, bloody and unequal, and finally tragedy conjecture. But the hero joins forces with Enkidu, the close friend, and between them they kill the Celestial Bull. The way to do the epic poem describes it as follows: "...¡ Friend mine, I saw the way to bring down the bull, and our forces will be sufficient to overcome!, I rip your heart to offer it to Shamash! (God of Justice), I am going to pursue, it'll take for the thickness of its tail and strong will retain its two claws, you, in front of him, you grabbed him and from the cervix, the horns and cruise bruise your dagger death. "(Column IV, VI Tablet Assyrian Text) (1) 
The poem goes on to describe the epic after the fight, death and dismemberment of the bull. Enkidu, Gilgamesh's friend, in an act of unbridled rage, begins with his hands parts of the animal and throws with derision in the face of the goddess Inanna (Figure 2). Naturally such offense and offense could not go unpunished and the goddess sends a disease very painful, which died on the thirteenth day, leading to the dismay of the epic hero. I wonder if, perhaps as early start from the history of superstition that number thirteen.
After this first " legend" , and while the area of \u200b\u200bMesopotamia, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, where the Bible says was the Garden of Eden, let us enter the Assyrian Empire, whose armies wore, capping the mast of their banners, the figure of a bull intern. ( photos 3 and 4)
In this area we also find some famous sculptural representations of winged bulls androcéfalos (Greek Andros = man and Cefalo = head) of fame. I am referring to the renowned cherubim, the Akkadian Kerub -not to be confused with the cherubim of angelology Hebrew and Christian, whose loan was not granted until after the first destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem in 586 BC - Carved in stone, massive and refined size which were placed as a magical guardians at the gate of the temples and palaces or the royal throne room. 
These winged bulls with human heads, wearing cap fringed with three pairs of horns, or tricorne helmet, long hair and beard, were the perfect representation of the human and divine nature of royalty. These magnificent stone sculptures have a singular meaning: the body of the bull symbolized strength, intelligence human head, the speed wings, tiara with three pairs of horns in the divine nature of royalty and the hair and beard power. (photo 5)
The proliferation of such sculpture was not the exclusive patrimony of the Assyrian empire, but the spread of these representations androcéfalas lasted all the adjoining countries of the "fertile crescent ." Having
bulls of Mesopotamia Babylonian, our steps are directed now to the "land of the Aryans " , the ancestors of the Medes and Persians, where we will find an amazing event in which a bull is the genesis of creation.
For this let us draw near to the supreme god Ahura-Mazda (Figure 6) , also known as Hormuz, from where the name of the strait closed waters of the Arabian Sea or Persian Gulf. The legend says that Hormuz created a primary bull named Abud, whose body was found in all the germs of life. But Ahriman (brother and enemy of Ahura Mazda, principle of evil and darkness) killed the primordial bull, in order to avoid any hint of creation. 
His intentions are thwarted when addressing the Demiurge and create the right shoulder Kaiomorts bull, the first man, whom the evil Ahriman again be killed when the Aryan Adam was thirty years old.
Nevertheless, the creation does not stop and left shoulder of the bull, Gochorum Hormuz creates the soul of the primordial bull, destined to be the basis of all zoological species. Their semen, purified, gives life to two bulls, male and female, from which came the 272 animal species known at that time, following the appropriate metamorphosis or transmutation.
Then, from the horns of the bull created the trees on his tail the beans, legumes of the nose and blood of grapes.
I guess someone will wonder what happened to the first man, Kaiomorts. Well see. Kaiomorts's blood that gathered together the two sexes, Ormuz mix with soil and creates a tree, called Heom, which after ten years began ten branches were the first couples to mankind originated.
Another variant of the creative genesis of the bull, much like the previous story, we find described in the book of Avesta. This book, Medo-Persian religion, was written, according to tradition, in twelve thousand skins bull and destroyed by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, when reduced to ashes the royal palace known as "The Apadana" in the City Persepolis.
This story tells of a god called Mithras (Figure 7) , god of light and truth, which would become, with the passage of time and with the help of the diffusion Roman legions the central figure of a religion of great importance and presence in Imperial Rome, which was known and loved as "Deus Sol Invictus " (Figure 8a and b) that would be the biggest enemy and competitor of Christianity, until its demise in the seventh century . In Merida, there was a temple of Mithras, in the third century BC, located under the current bullring.
narration informs us that the God Ahura-Mazda or Hormuz, Mitra orders to kill the blue bull that is terrorizing the region. Mitra does grab by the horns and put it in a cave, but the bull escapes and Mitra, helped his dog, chases him again, holding it by the nose with one hand while with the other he plunged into his neck his hunting knife.
Immediately, the body of the bull all plant species arise. His flesh becomes the cereal and blood into wine. But Ahriman wants to muddy the waters of life and sends to the ant, the scorpion and the snake to try to devour the genitals of the bull and drink its blood. Order and purpose which fortunately did not succeed and so the "seed of the bull , purified by Luna, produces all species of pets and "their soul" in the custody of the dog who helped to chase Mitra, rose to the heavens and Silvano became the tutelary deity of flocks.
Let me add a story that highlights the Ariman hate everything that his brother created Hormuz. As have several accounts, it is said that men who suffered from inclement weather and especially the cold of the ancient glaciations, asked Ahura-Mazda to assist them to protect themselves from freezing temperatures, especially at night. Their prayers were attended and taught them to make dresses with fur cazasen animals. Also gave them the fire, unaware, to be hot and also they put a blue lamp that will light up, temporarily, at night.
dealing with all these gifts, which had been entertained men, Ahriman was furious and in a fit of anger snatched and extinguished the fire with his hands and angrily threw the ashes into the moon, meant to blind his light, without success. They say that the dark patches seen on the moon, the ashes are launched against them the evil Ahriman.
Plácido González Hermoso
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(1) .- Federico Lara Peinado, "Gilgamesh."
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